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J. V. GAPEK. ELEGTRIG OVBN.

No. 470,419. Patented Mar. 8, 1892.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN V. CAPEK, OF NElV YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR OF ONEJTALF TO EDlVARD ll. JOHNSON, OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 470,419, dated March 8, 1892. Application filed August 14, 1891. Serial No. 402,602. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern..- or paint to reduce its heat-radiating capacity.

Be it known that 1, JOHN V. CAPEK, a citi- The outer sheet-metal wall of the oven does zen of the United States, residing at New York not extend over the bottom of the oven. city, in the county and State of New York, lVhen asbestus sheets or other material have 55 have invented a certain new and useful Imbeen inserted between the side walls of the provementsin Electric'Stoves, of which the foloven and a similar .filling 7 has been placed lowing is a specification. over the inner wall of the oven at the bot- The present invention relates to stoves or tom, a wooden bottom 8 is put in place and heaters employing electricity as the heating secured by means of screws passing through 60 medium. the outer shell.

The main object of the invention is to pro- 9 are small metal tubes or bushings exvide a heater of convenient and economical tending through the bottom and forming arrangement. in which the several parts may guards for the tubes or rods 10 11. The tubes be varied in position or arrangement in acor rods 10 support the pan-shaped hearth 12. 6

I5 cordance with the requirements of the user. This hearth consists of the inclosing pan,the

The improvement is illustrated in the acgrate 13 011 the bottom thereof, a layer 14 of companying drawings, in which asbestus fiber digested in sulphate of alumina,

Figure 1 is a central section of a stove. and over this a layer 15 of the same composi- Fig. 2 is a detail of one of the walls of the tion, with the addition of clay, which on dry- 2o oven. Fig. 3 is a face view of one of the ing forms a very hard concrete. Through heaters, parts being broken away in order to this holes are made for the wires leading to show the interior construction of said heater; the heater and other holes for supporting and Fig. 1 is a sectional View of the heater screws.

on line so as of Fig. 3, looking in the direction On the hearth is mounted a heater having 2 5 of the arrow, and on an enlarged scale. a metal heating-plate 16, having several short Referring first to Fig. 1, 1 is a wooden or screws or pins 17 and long screws 18, riveted other suitable inclosing box or case, which or otherwise secured to it and extending from maybe round,square,or other shape in crossit, as shown in Fig. 1. One end of the short section. The top of this box is cut away at screws rests against the hard insulating-con- 8o 30 the center to admit the oven 2. Around the crete 15, while the long screws, which are prefopening is a metal ring 1', corresponding in erably placed at the ends and centers of each shape to that of the oven and forming a guide row, pass entirely through the hearth and are for it. This oven also maybe round, square, secured by nuts 20. By this method of supor other shape in cross section. The oven porting the heater itis securely held in both 35 consists of an inner sheetmetal wall 3, a simidirections, so that it cannot well become lar outer wall at, and an intermediate filling warped under the effect of changes in tem- 5 of asbestus or other poorconduetor of heat. perature, weights placed upon it, to. These This asbestus is preferably, before being screws are preferably arranged in parallel placed between the walls, wet in water or in rows at some distance apart, as shown in 0 a thin solution of sulphate of alumina and Fig. 3.

molded by slight pressure, so that the ashes Between the rows of screws the electrical t-us sheet will havea corrugated or rough side, heaters are mounted. A heater is merely inand this is so inserted that the corrugated 0r dicated in Fig. 1 at 2l,the construction of the rough side will come next to the inner wall heater being more fully shown in Fig. 3. I 5

45 of the even, as indicated in Fig. 2. This arfirst paint the heating-plate 16, as indicated rangement forms air-spaces, thereby increasat 16", with a paint prepared with dilute suling the efficiency of the insulation and at the phate of alumina and clay, to which may be same time effecting a saving in the quantity admixed ashes of coal or asbestus-that is, of asbestus employed. The outer wall of the calcined and pulverized asbestus. Over this 50 oven is provided with numerous perforations paint is placed a sheet of asbestus 22, and this 6, and is covered with an insulating varnish is again painted with the paint above described, as indicated at 22'. On this surface are mounted theheating-strips,which are made up as follows: On a strip of asbestos 23, soaked in sulphate of alumina, pressed and dried, is wound in a zigzag'line on one side only a heating wire or strip 24, this being ben t over the edge of the plate, as indicated at 25, to hold it in place. These bends may or may notextend around under the plate. A'thin asbestus twine 26 is then wound entirely around the asbestus plate and the heating-conductor and extending between each turn of the heating-conduotor, so as to keep said turns from touching and so as to hold the conductor in place. A coating of paint 27and athin sheet of asbestus 27 is then placed over the conductor and twine and the heater placed on the prepared heating-plate. If desired, another painted strip of asbestus may be placed over the one last described. When the heater is thus put in place, I form a lacing 28 of cord or wire back and forth between the screws and over the heater to secure the latter to the heating-plate. The'threads of the screws will prevent the lacing slipping down. lacing is a coating, 29 of paint, and over this a finishing-strip 30 of asbestus. The construction described gives a solid heater with small bulk and weight, and is so mounted that it will communicate heat directly to .the heating plate 16, and, since itis supported freely above the hearth, will radiate heat from its lower side, and thus aid in quickly heating the oven. The heater carried by the cover of the oven may be constructed in the same manner as the heaterjust described. The position of this heater-is indicated at 21, immediately above the heating-plate 16, which plate is supported on the cover in the same manner that the other heating-plate is supported on the hearth. The cover is hinged to the oven at 31 and is provided with an insulating-handle 32, carried by the arm 33,

which extends wholly or partially across the top of the cover and which is preferably provided with an arm 34, extending at right angles to the arm 33, and serving to strengthen the cover.

35 36 are metal rings occupying the space between the inner and outer walls of the cover and oven respectively, and when the cover is closed, fitting snugly together. Around the upper heater I provide a sheet-metal ring 37, preferably supported by the edge'ofthe heating-plate 16. This is to prevent rising steam from causing damage to the upper heater, which, by means of this ring, is inclosed in the chamber 38, and to form an inclosed airchatnber between the heater and the walls or cover. If desired, the inner Wall 39 of the cover may be coated with asbestus. (Indicated by the heavy line.)

40 is a Z-shaped metal rod bolted to the bottom of the oven and passing through anopening in the top of the inolosing box.

41 is a cord connected at one end to ahook near the top of the inclosing box 1, passing Overthe under pulleys 42, which are carried by brackets 43, connected to the bottom of the oven, and over a fixed pulley 44 to a counterbalance-weight 45, the handle of which extends through a slot 46 in the side of the box. The Weight and the friction of the handle and other parts will-hold the oven in any desired position. Evidently several ropes may be used side by side, if the size and shape of the oven is such as to require it, all of said ropes being controlled by a single handle.

The'electrical connections may be made with the heaters in any desired manner. I

prefer, however, to have two or'more heaters on each heating-plate and to connect the several heating-conductors in series, leaving two free insulated conductor terminals. These terminals are led, preferably, from the center of the heater, as indicated in Fig. 1, through the central pipe 11 and are designated 47 48.

I prefer to lead said free terminals along over the coating 27 and under'the lacing to the center of the heating-plate to a disk 49 of hard asbestus containing three holes, one for a supporting-screw 50 and two for the terminals. A second hard disk is placed over the first and is clamped by the same screw. This firmly secures the conductors. In practice I prefer to place this device on one of the cen-' tral screws, as indicated in Fig. 3 by the dotted circle 49. I11 this case the extra screw 50 is unnecessary. The terminals, which are insulated preferably by spiral windings of asbestus, are passed through said openings and the ends may be secured to conductors in aflexible cord.

The oven described may be used as aclosed oven with one or both of the heaters in circuit, and the size of the heating-space in the oven may be varied at will by moving the handle connected to the counterbalanceweight' down in the slot 46, thereby bodily raising or lowering the oven and the top heater, while the lower heater remains stationary. If it is desired to use one or both of the heaters for frying or as an open heater, the cover may be swung on its hinges and allowed to rest on'the supporting-rod 40, when both of the heaters will be exposed and in position for use.

I claim- 1. The combination of an oven which'is bedi] y movable, a stationary electric heater therein, the walls of the oven extending by'the heater, whereby the oven may be moved away from the heater to enlarge the heating-chainber without uncovering the heater, substantially as described.

2. The combination of an oven which is bodil y movable, a stationary electricheater therein, the walls of the oven extending bythe heater, whereby the oven may be moved away from the heater to enlarge the heating-chamber without uncovering the heater, and a second heater carried by the movable oven, substantially as described.

3. The combination of an oven which isbodily movable, a heater in the same, the walls of the oven extending by the heater, whereby the oven can be moved away from the heater without uncovering it, a hinged cover or side on said oven opposite the heater, and a second heater 011 the inner side of said cover, substantially as described.

at. The combination of an oven having a hinged cover or side, a heater supported on the inner side thereof, said cover or side being movable to bring the heater in position to close the oven and heat it or to bring the heater in position to heat externally, substantially as described.

5. The combination of an oven having a hinged cover, a heater supported on the under side thereof, whereby when the coveris closed the heater is in position to heat the oven,and a support for the cover in position to hold it substantially horizontal when it is open, whereby the heater can be used also as an open heater, substantially as described.

6. The combination of an inclosing box or case, an oven within said box, and means for moving and holding the oven out of the box to a greater or less extent, substantially as described. 7

7. The combination of an inclosing box, a stationary heater supported thereby, an oven within said box and surrounding said heater, and means comprising a rope or similar device passing under the oven and over suitable pulleys for moving and holding the oven, substantially as described.

8. The combination of a stationary heater, a movable oven inclosing it, said oven being so constructed and arranged that it can be moved toward or from the heater, and in the latter case shall not uncover the heater, and means, as described, for moving the oven toward or from said heater and holding it at the desired distance from the heater, whereby a heatingspace of desired size is obtained, substantially as described.

9. The combination of a stationary heater, an oven inclosing it and movable without uncovering the heater, and means for counterbalancing the oven, whereby the cover or side of the oven opposite the heater may be retained at the desired distance from the heater, substantially as described.

10. The combination of an inclosing box, an oven in the same, but movable into or out of said box, and means for counterbalancing the oven, whereby it may be retained wholly or partially raised from the box, substantially as described.

11. The combination of an inclosing box, an oven containing a heater and movable into or out of said box without uncovering the heater, and means for moving the oven, substantially as described.

12. The combination, with the inner and outer walls of an oven, of a mass of insulating material between the walls, there being an air-space or air-spaces next to the inner wall, substantially as described.

13. The combination, with the inner and outer walls of an oven, of a corrugated or roughened mass of insulating'material between them, substantially as described.

14:. The combination, with the inner and outer walls of an oven, of a corrugated or roughened mass of insulating material between them, the corrugations facing the inner wall, and the outer wall being perforated and varnished, substantially as described.

15. The combination, with a support, of an electrical heater consisting of aheating-plate, metal screws or pins extending therefrom to said support, and an insulated heating conductor on the plate between the screws or pins, substantially as described.

16. The combination, with a support, of an electrical heater consisting of aheating-plate, metal screws or pins extending directly therefrom, the screws or pins being of two different lengths, the longer ones being secured to the support, while the shorter ones rest against it, and an insulating heating-conductor on the plate between the screws or pins, substantially as described.

17. The combination of a hearth or support, a heating-plate mounted thereon and held at a distance therefrom, a series of screws or pins holding the plate from warping toward the hearth, and a series of screws or pins holding the plate from warping from the hearth, substantially as described.

18. The combination, in a heater, of a panshaped support, a grate in the bottom thereof, a layer of insulating material over the grate, a layer of asbestus and clay, and a top plate, substantially as described.

19. The combination,in a heater, of a panshaped support, agrate in the bottom thereof, a layer of insulating material over the grate, alayer of asbestus and clay, a top plate, and an electrical heater, substantially as described.

20. The combination, in an electrical heater, of an insulating-plate, a heating-conductor thereon, and an insulating-cord wound aroundthe plate and lying between the turns of the heating-conductor, substantially as described.

21. The combination, in an electrical heater, of an insulating-plate, aheating-conductor on one side thereof, and an insulatingcord wound around the plate and lying between the turns of the heating-conductor, substantially as described.

22. The combination, in an electrical heater, of an insulating-plate, a heating-conductor thereon, an insulating-cord wound around the plate and lying between the turns of theheatin g-conductor, and an insulating-coating over the same, substantially as described.

23. The combination, in an electrical heater, of an insulating-plate, a heating-conductor thereon, an insulating-cord wound around the plate and lying between the turns of the heat.- ing-conductor, an insulating-coating thereon, and an insulating-sheet, substantially as described.

24. The combination of a plate, an electrical heater thereon, screws or pins projecting from the plate at intervals, and a lacing passing over the heater and around said screws or pins for securing the two together, substantially as described.

25. The combination of a heating-plate, an electrical heater thereon, a lacing for securing the two together, and an insulating-coating over the lacing, substantially as described.

-26. The combination of a plate, an insulating-coating thereon, an electrical heater over said coating, insulating coating over the heater, and a lacing for securing the heater to the plate, substantially as described.

27. The combination of the plate, screws or pins extending therefrom, the electrical heater, and the lacing-strand held by the screws or pins for securing the heater and.

' JOHN V. OAPEK.

Witnesses:

CHARLES M. CATLIN, J. A. YOUNG. 

